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Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
  • H10D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

• This invention has reference to detectors and so-called coherers for the reception of electrical disturbances, Hertzian waves, lightwaves, and other radiations; and its object is to further improve the sensitiveness and quickness of response of devices of the kind in question.
• the changes produced on or in the sensitive substance of a coherer or detector by electrical disturbances, Hertzian waves, light-waves, and other radiations are due to molecular distortion.
• this distortion shall be removed before the detector or coherer receives fresh radiationsas, for example, the signals in wireless or other telegraphy.
• I may place the substance in an elastic tube or elastic medium, the elastic tube or medium having the effect of facilitating the action of the twist 5 upon the sensitive substance and of insuring quick recovery, or with the same object of increasing the sensitiveness and quickness of self-recovery of the sensitive substance
• I may subject the mass forming the receiver to cer- 5 tain forces, physical surroundings, and conditions suitably adjusted and applied, whereby said mass becomes more responsive to electric disturbances, including Hertzian waves or other forms of radiance.
• I may according to one part of my invention increase the facility of response of the sensitive substance by allowing various agencies to produce a tendency toward distortion on the verge of signaling or reception of the radiation, the radiation itself precipitating the change.
• I may dispense with mechanical means for producing recovery of the coherer or detector by using sensitive substances in which the recov- 9 tic curve representing relative resistances.
• such substances 1 will mention galena, tellurium, magnesium; (these substances'are positive, in the sense just described, and are self-recovering;) halogenated metals-for example, lead and tin; potassium; allotropic silver-namely, silver in a form such as can be obtained by reducing silver chlorid by zinc or by electrolysis; (these substances are all of the negative class and are all self-recovering.) Or I may use chromium, manganese, or zirconium as the sensitive agents in coherers and detectors. These substances are very sensitive and belong to the positive class, as before defined, but are possibly not self-recovering. They may, however, be used with advantage.
• ammonia-vapor or carbonic-acid gas in small proportions to stimulate the action of the sensitive agent in coherers or detectors-that is to say, to increase their sensitiveness, the gas being confined in the tube or chamber with the sensitive agent.
• the ammonia or carbonicacid gas may also be used in large proportions to produce a depressing action upon the sensitive agent that is to say, to reduce the sensitiveness thereof.
• Another part of my invention has for its object to provide a novel apparatus or instrument for use in detecting or indicating light-waves
• Hertzian waves, and other radiations may be regarded as an artificial retina. By suitably modifying the arrangement, however, as hereinafter described, it may be used as a coherer or detector of Hertzian waves for the purpose of wireless or other telegraphy or for the reception of other radiations.
• a sensitive substance positive or negative in the sense above defined and which gives a characteristic curve of the kind above described or which is made to give such characteristic curve by any of the methods of treatment above described, is employed.
• the apparatus to which this invention relates shall work to the best advantage, it is desirable that the distortion, whether positive or negative, produced by the lightwave or other radiation shall not only be readily detected and indicated, but also that the substance shall return to its normal state upon the cessation of the impressedradiation. For this reason it is desirable to use substances having a characteristic curve of the kind above referred to or to provide means whereby said substances shall be caused to give such characteristic curve.
• Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the instrument partly in longitudinal section connected up in an electric circuit with a galvanometer, as hereinafter described.
• Fig. 2 is a partlongitudinal section of the instrument, on a larger scale than Fig. 1, showing the contactcarrying arms, contacts, and mechanism of the instrument.
• Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line a 6 of Fig. 52.
• 1 2 are horizontal arms of electrically-conducting material mounted upon a pivot 3 at a point intermediate between them.
• the arms 1 2 each carry hinge or pivot checks 8 9, of insulating material.
• the inner extremity of each arm 1 2 is bifurcated, and in the respective bifurcations are fitted contacting pieces 1 5, of suitable positive or negative substance, sensitive to light-waves, Hertzian Waves, or other radiations and giving the characteristic curve before mentioned, and thus having the property of self-recovery above describedsuch, for example, as the positive "substances, galena or tellurium, or, as before mentioned, other substances which do not themselves give the characteristic curve may be used if suitable conditions or agencies be caused to act upon them to cause them to give such a characteristic curve, and thus become self-recovering.
• one of the contactpieces 4 5 may be cylindrical in shape and of uniform dimensions and the other taper to a point.
• the contacts4 5 are normally held together by a spring 6, arranged between the arms 1 2, and the pressure of which can be regulated with great delicacy by means of a microm-' eter-screw 7 provided for the purpose.
• the pivoted arms 1 2 and their spring 6 are fitted in a tube 10, of ivory or other insulating material, this being in turn inserted in the tubular extension 11 of a hemispherical or other suitably-shaped metal case 12, which may conveniently constitute a reflector.
• the tube 10 carries a pin 10, engaging in a bayonet-slot 11 of the extension 11 to enable the tube 10 to be readily inserted and secured in said extension, or any other suitable means may be provided with the same object, as will be readily understood.
• the part 12 of the instrument may be inclosed, as shown, in a Wooden or other shell 12 12 of spherical or other form, and which may for convenience be made in sections adapted to be connected together by pins fitting into suitable holes, as shown.
• a chamber 12 is thus constituted.
• a hole is provided in the section 12 of this chamber, in which a lens may be placed, as hereinafer described.
• the conducting-arms l 2 are insulated from the case and from each other ex cept at the point of contact of the sensitive contacts 1 5.
• a female thread is provided at a suitable point of the extension 11 to receive the micrometer-screw 7, this screw passing down through or escaping the end of the insulatingtube 10 and bearing upon the upper arm 1.
• the micrometer-screw should be provided with an insulating-head.
• Wires 15 16, preferably insulated wires, lead, respectively, from the arms 1 2 and pass out through a plug 17, of cork or other insulating material, fitted in the end of the extension 11.
• the arms 1 2 and contacts 4 5 may be connected up in the circuit of an electric battery or other source of elec tricity 18, in which circuit a sensitive galvanometer 19-for example, a dead-beat dArsonval galvanometeris interposed as an indicator.
• a galvanometer other suitable electric indicating or recording apparatus may be used.
• the contacts 4 5 may project to any desired extent into the chamber 12, according to the focus of the lens fitted in the opening therein.
• the tube 10 with the arms 1 2 may be movable in the extension 11 for the purpose of focusing the contacts 1 5 with respect to the lens employed.
• the instrument By removing the metallic and wooden casings and lens the instrument may be used as a detector or so-called coherer for wireless or other telegraphy.
• the apparatus hereinbefore described is self-recovering when the sensitive substances used therein have a characteristic curve of the kind before described-that is to say, that the distortion produced in the sensitive contacts by a wave or radiation caused to impinge thereon is automaticallv removed upon the cessation of the wave or radiation and leaves the sensitive substance in 8mm qua rmte, or, as above mentioned, the same effect can be obtained by subjecting or exposing the sensitive substances in the apparatus to influences or agencies which will cause them to give the curve in question.
• a sensitive substance having a characteristice curve giving the relation between an increasing impressed electromotive force and the resultant current passing through the sensitive substance, which is not straight but is either convex or concave to the axis of electromotive force and in which the return curve with a decreasing electromotive force when taken slowly, approximately coincides with the former curve.
• a coherer or detector of electrical disturbances, Hertzian waves, light Waves or other radiations comprising contacting pieces of sensitive substance having a characteristic curve (giving the relation between an increasing impressed electromotive force and the resultant current passing through the sensitive substance), which is not straight but is either convex or concave to the axis of electromotive force and in which the return curve with a decreasing electromotive force when taken slowly, approximately coincides with the former curve, in combination with means for adjusting the force of contact between said contacting pieces.
• a coherer or detector of electrical disturbances, Hertzian waves, light-waves, or other radiations comprising contacting pieces of sensitive substance having a characteristic curve (giving the relation between an increasing impressed electromotive force and the resultant current passing through the sensitive substance) which is not straight but is either convex or concave to the axis of electrometive force and in which the return curve with a decreasing electromotive force when taken slowly, approximately coincides with the former curve, pivoted conducting-arms carrying said contacting pieces, a spring tending to hold said contacts together, and a micrometerscrew for adjusting the force o't contact of said contacting pieces, substantially as described.
• a coherer or detector of electrical disturbances Hertzian waves, light-waves, or
• a coherer or detector of electrical disturbances, Hertzian waves, light-waves, or other radiations comprising a pair of galena contacts, pivoted conducting-arms carrying said contacts and insulated from each other except at the contacting point of said contacts, a spring tending to hold said contacts together,
• micrometer-screw for adjusting the force of contact of said contacts, and means for insulating said arms from each other except at the point of contact of said contacting pieces and from external objects, substantially as described.
• contacting pieces of sensitive substance which will give a characteristic curve (giving the relation between an increasing impressed electromotive force and the resultant current passing through the sensitive substance) which is not straight, but convex or concave to the axis of electromotive force and in which the return curve with a decreasing electromotive force when taken slowly, approximately co incides with the former curve, in combination with a chamber inclosing said contacting pieces, and a lens disposed to direct lighta-ays onto said contacting pieces, substantially as described.
• contacting pieces of sensitive substance which will give a characteristic curve (giving the relation between an increasing impressed elec' tromotive force and the resultant current passing through the sensitive substance) which is not straight, but either convex or concave to the axis of eleetromotive force, and in which the return curve with a decreasing electromotive force, when taken slowly, approxi mately coincides with the former curve, said contacting pieces being in combination with conducting-arms carrying the same, said arms being pivoted together, a spring tending to hold said contacting pieces together, means for adjusting the force of said spring and therefore the force of contact of said contacting pieces, means for insulating said arms from each other except at the contacting point of said contacting pieces, and from external objects, a chamber into which said contacting pieces project, and a lens carried by said chamber, all substantially as described.
• apparatus for receiving light-waves, contacting pieces of sensitive substance which will give a characteristic curve (giving the relation between an increasing impressed electromotive force and the resultant current passing through the sensitive substance) which is not straight, but either convex or concave to the axis of elcctromotive force and in which the return curve with a decreasing electromotive force, when taken slowly, approximately coincides with the former curve, said contacting pieces being in combination with conducting-arms carrying same, said arms being pivoted together, a spring tending to hold said contacting pieces together, means for adjusting the force of said spring and therefore the force of contact of said contacting pieces, means for insulating said arms from each other except at the contacting point of said contacting pieces, and from external objects,
• contacting pieces of sensitive substance which will give a characteristic curve (giving the relation between an increasing impressed electromotive force and the resultant current passing through the sensitive substance) which is not straight, but either convex or concave to the axis of electromotive force and in which the return curve with a decreasing electromotive force, when taken slowly, approximately 00- incides with the former curve, said contacting pieces being in combination with conductingarms carrying the same, said arms being pivoted together, a spring tending to hold said contacting pieces together, a micrometerscrew adapted to adjust the force of said spring and therefore the force of contact of said contacting pieces, an insulating-tube in which said arms and spring are fitted, means for insulating said arms from each other except at the point of contact of said contacting pieces, a metallic part such as 12 having an extension such as 11, a casing or chamber such as 12 12, and a lens fitted in said chamber, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

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Cited By (12)

• 1901
  • 2025-08-14 US US7702801A patent/US755840A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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